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Phosphorus

The element that feeds the world — how much phosphate rock humanity has mined, how fast we're extracting it, and what happens when the cheapest reserves run thin.

Updated
All ~82 Billion Tonnes of Known Phosphate Rock — Mined vs. Remaining
12% Mined
88% Reserves
Mined
Phosphate rock already extracted since mining began in the 1800s — 90% goes to fertilizer and animal feed, without which modern agriculture collapses.
~9.78 Gt (pre-2024)
~10 Gt
Total mined (est.)
≈ a 2.15 km cube — a small mountain of rock
220 Mt
2024 mine output
≈ 220 million tonnes — China alone mines 41%
YearMinedYoY
2024220 Mt0%
2023220 Mt−4.3%
2022230 Mt+4.5%
2021220 Mt+4.8%
2020210 Mt−2.3%
2019215 Mt+2.4%
Reserves
Phosphate rock still underground in deposits where mining is economically viable. Resources (total geological) far exceed reserves — but the cheapest, highest-grade ore is concentrated in just a few countries.
Morocco 50 Gt
Rest of world 22 Gt
72 Gt
Total reserves
72 billion tonnes — Morocco & Western Sahara alone hold 69%
69%
Morocco reserve share
One country controls the world's cheapest, highest-grade phosphate — a geopolitical chokepoint
CountryReservesShare
Morocco & W. Sahara50,000 Mt69.4%
China3,200 Mt4.4%
Egypt2,800 Mt3.9%
Algeria2,200 Mt3.1%
Syria1,800 Mt2.5%
Brazil600 Mt0.8%
At current mining rate, known phosphate rock reserves last
~327 years
327 years sounds safe, but the reality is more nuanced: the 72 Gt of reserves are dominated by Morocco's sedimentary deposits. High-grade, easily mineable rock could peak much sooner. 90% of all mined phosphate goes to fertilizer — there is no substitute for phosphorus in agriculture.
⚖️ Important or Not?

Is the global phosphorus supply situation truly important to worry about? AI models weigh in — then it's your turn to pick a side.

Important
Not Really
🧑‍💻 Join the Debate

Pick a side, then bring your own AI. Copy the prompt below into ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, DeepSeek, or any assistant — then post their take here.

1 Choose your side below
2 Copy the prompt & paste into your AI
3 Paste the response back here
Context Prompt — Copy This
You are participating in a debate: "Is the global phosphorus supply situation truly important to worry about?" Key facts from the dashboard: - Total phosphate rock ever mined: ~10 billion tonnes - Estimated reserves: 72 billion tonnes - 2024 mine output: 220 million tonnes - At current rate, reserves last ~327 years - But Morocco & Western Sahara hold 69% of all known reserves - 90% of mined phosphate goes to fertilizer and animal feed - Phosphorus has NO substitute in agriculture — plants cannot grow without it - "Peak phosphorus" debate: high-grade ore may peak much sooner than 327 years - Without phosphate fertilizer, global crop yields could drop by 30-50% Pick your side and argue it in 2-3 concise, punchy sentences. Reference specific numbers. End with a label like: — The Agronomist
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